Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub substrate rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub substrate rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av

Muaj ntau lub substrates rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, uas yog tag nrho cov khawb thiab xaiv raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Cov hom substrates uas tau hais los saum no yog hais txog kev siv cov substrates thiab tsuas yog siv rau kev siv xwb.

1. hom

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov substrates yog nyob ntawm morphology, muaj pes tsawg leeg, zoo li, thiab lwm yam ntawm substrates. Cov hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm rau cov av tsis muaj substrates, hloov kho los ntawm Mr. Teruo Ikeda txoj kev faib tawm.

Nyob rau hauv no system, cov inorganic matrix thiab cov organic matrix yog collectively hu ua ib tug matrix nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sib haum mus rau lub mix matrix.

2. Cov khoom ntawm ntau yam Soilless Culture Substrates

Cov khoom ntawm lub substrate tsuas yog xa mus rau lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj feem xyuam nrog cov nroj tsuag cog. Lub cev muaj zog muaj peev xwm, porosity, qhov loj-rau-void piv, particle loj, thiab lwm yam.;

Cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj xws li tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, acidity thiab alkalinity, cation hloov peev xwm, tsis muaj peev xwm, conductivity, thiab lwm yam. Qee lub sij hawm nws kuj muaj qee yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov substrate, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dej, hauv cov nroj tsuag kev ua neej.

(1) dej

① Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm dej Dej yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej hauv cov nroj tsuag lub neej ua haujlwm feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

Ua ntej, dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm protoplasm;

Qhov thib ob, dej yog raw khoom rau photosynthesis thiab hydrolysis ntawm cov organic teeb meem;

Thib peb, dej yog qhov hnyav thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical;

Plaub, dej tswj lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag: qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag kom ua tau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev xws li kev faib tawm ntawm tes, kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv, kev sib pauv roj thiab kev siv lub teeb lub zog;

Thib tsib, dej transpires los ntawm stomata ntawm nplooj, txo qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tswj lub cev qhov kub thiab txias hauv huab cua kub.

② Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej raws li cov substrate ntawm cov av tsis muaj cultivation Dej yog ib qho tsis pom thiab saj tsis hnov ​​​​tsw pob tshab kua, thiab nws yog ib qho hnyav heev rau ntau yam khoom. Vim li no, dej raws li cov av tsis muaj kab lis kev cai substrate muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

a. Cov dej txaus thiab cov chiv tab sis tsis muaj oxygen Cov khoom noj uas xav tau rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej, thiab cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem nqus tau yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus oxygen hauv dej tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua pa ntawm cov cag ntoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog los yog ua kom cov dej ntws hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov huab cua kom nws cov pa oxygen ntau ntxiv.

b. Lub hydrogen ion concentration (pH) ntawm cov dej yog ib qho yooj yim los kho, tab sis cov hauv paus exudates yog ib qho yooj yim mus sau. Dej tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions (acid) nrog hydrochloric acid lossis acetic acid, thiab ua kom cov concentration ntawm hydroxide ions (alkali) nrog sodium hydroxide lossis potassium hydroxide. Qhov concentration nce.

Qhov concentration ntawm acid los yog alkali feem ntau siv los kho cov hydrogen ion concentration ntawm dej yog 0.1 mole/liter.

Lub hauv paus system nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrab hydroponic absorbs as-ham nyob rau hauv dej ntawm ib sab tes, thiab tso ib co organic teeb meem rau hauv cov dej ntawm qhov tod tes, thiab accumulates nyob rau hauv dej. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic teeb meem no yog cov khoom siv exudation uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob hauv av rau lub sijhawm ntev. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog ua kom yaj lossis ua kom cov as-ham uas tsis yooj yim absorbed los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav hauv av; Qee qhov "khoom noj khoom haus" ntawm cov hauv paus system, xws li co toxins, muaj ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm cov av thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev nqus dej ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov dej matrix, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nqus mus rau hauv lub cev dua los ntawm lub hauv paus system, yog li rov qab nqus, excretion, thiab ib tug vicious voj voog ntawm reabsorption thiab re-excretion tsis conducive mus rau lub qub kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus system thiab ib txwm physiological. kev ua haujlwm. Txoj kev daws yog nquag hloov cov khoom noj khoom haus los yog ncig cov khoom noj khoom haus.

c. Cov khoom noj muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov hauv paus hniav thiab tau yooj yim absorbed los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, tab sis muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov hauv paus hniav kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag kom nqus cov as-ham. Ib qho yog tias lub hauv paus system nquag txuas mus rau txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tiv tauj cov khoom noj; Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub hauv paus system, nws txav ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus system thiab kov lub hauv paus system. Lub hauv paus system raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov as-ham tuaj yeem yooj yim ncav cuag lub hauv paus system thaum lub sij hawm nquag txav lub cev. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias cov as-ham nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog tsawg heev, yog hais tias lub concentration ntawm macroelements mus txog rau lub micromolar theem, nws yog yooj yim absorbed los ntawm lub hauv paus system, txawm tias cov nroj tsuag loj hlob sai tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no nutrient tov. Tab sis cov kev daws teeb meem tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub cev loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tsuav qhov hnyav ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntau tshaj qhov buoyancy ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, cov nroj tsuag yuav inevitably tog. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau cov nroj tsuag, ib tus neeg siv lub trellis los txhawb cov nroj tsuag, tso cai rau cov hauv paus hniav hla lub mesh ntawm trellis thiab nkag mus rau cov khoom noj khoom haus. Tom qab cov nroj tsuag loj hlob tuaj, lub hauv paus system yog elongated, thiab qhov tsim nyog dej-cua piv tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov as-ham. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, qee qhov kev txhawb nqa tuaj yeem muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm trellis txhawb nqa cov nroj tsuag thiab cov trough uas muaj cov tshuaj noj, thiab maj mam nce qhov siab. Ua kom lub taub hau ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus system ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab qhov seem ntawm cov kua nto thiab kab sib chaws. Cov dej vapor hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw no yog qhov loj, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov hauv paus system cov dej thiab roj.

(2) huab

Ib qho teeb meem loj nrog dej substrate yog aeration tsis zoo.

Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los daws qhov teeb meem no yog tshuaj tsuag cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm cov as-ham rau hauv huab cua, thiab cov hauv paus hniav raug tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw nrog cov khoom noj no. Cov dej vapor txaus thiab cov as-ham tuaj yeem ncav cuag ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus system, thiab tib lub sij hawm, lub aeration tej yam kev mob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus system yuav txaus siab rau tag nrho cov. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias txoj kev no ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tau raws li qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej, cov as-ham thiab roj hauv cov hauv paus system, thiab nws tseem tsis tau raug siv hauv kuv lub tebchaws tam sim no.

(3) xuab zeb

Xuab zeb yog ib qho kev siv substrate hauv cov kab lis kev cai tsis muaj av. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaj chaw suab puam yog tib lub substrate uas tsis muaj kev xaiv.

Xuab zeb ua ib qho av tsis muaj kev cog qoob loo substrate muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

① Cov ntsiab lus dej tsis tu ncua Txawm tias dej ntau npaum li cas koj hliv rau hauv cov xuab zeb, tsuav yog cov dej ntws nyob ib puag ncig zoo, nws yuav cia cov dej ntau dhau los tawm sai sai thiab tswj nws cov ntsiab lus dej sib xws; Txawm hais tias koj dej los yog tsis, tsuav yog muaj dej txaus nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov xuab zeb, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej mus txog qhov siab heev los ntawm kev ua siphon, thiab tswj cov dej kom tsim nyog.

Cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm cov xuab zeb nyob ntawm nws qhov loj me, thiab qhov particle txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov xuab zeb yog 006-2 mm. Qhov zoo dua cov khoom, cov dej ntau dua, tab sis feem ntau, cov xuab zeb ntws tau yooj yim.

② Tsis muaj dej thiab cov chiv khaws cia, huab cua zoo permeability Sand yog ntxhia, kev ntxhib los mos, yuav luag tsis muaj qhov hws, dej khaws cia rau saum npoo ntawm cov xuab zeb, yog li cov dej fluidity loj, thiab cov as-ham yaj hauv dej tau yooj yim ploj nrog qhov poob. ntawm dej. Tom qab cov dej thiab cov as-ham hauv cov xuab zeb ploj lawm, cov pores ntawm cov khoom yog ntim nrog cua. Piv nrog av nplaum ntxhia, xuab zeb muaj huab cua zoo permeability.

③ Muab qee qhov nyiaj ntawm cov poov tshuaj chiv, thiab cov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo. Feem ntau siv cov xuab zeb muaj qee cov poov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj inorganic, uas tuaj yeem maj mam yaj thiab muab cov poov tshuaj me me. Txawm tias cov hauv paus hniav ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tso qee cov organic teeb meem, uas yaj lossis chelates potassium hauv cov xuab zeb kom nws tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv cov xuab zeb feem ntau tsis muaj cov poov tshuaj.

Qee cov xuab zeb yog tsim los ntawm cov zaub mov calcareous. Qhov concentration ntawm hydrogen ion ntawm cov xuab zeb no tsawg dua 100 nmol / liter (pH ntau dua 7). Yog tias nws tsis hloov kho, nws tsis haum rau cov nroj tsuag dav dav. Txoj kev hloov kho tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev kho cov hydrogen ion concentration ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov xuab zeb ntawm tus dej ntug dej alluvial av los yog cov xuab zeb ntawm aeolian av.

④ Cov xuab zeb hnyav tsis haum rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av ntawm cov tsev siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yog ib qho zoo tagnrho av tsis muaj kab lis kev cai substrate vim nws cov peev txheej ntau, tus nqi qis, thiab nyiaj txiag txiaj ntsig rau cov hauv paus cog qoob loo.

⑤ Kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si xuab zeb tsis tshua muaj kab mob thiab kab tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xuab zeb dej, uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshuaj tua kab mob thaum siv thawj zaug.

(4) Pob zeb

Pob zeb yog tib yam li cov xuab zeb, tab sis lub particle txoj kab uas hla yog thicker tshaj xuab zeb, loj dua 2 hli. Lub substrate nto yog ntau dua los yog tsawg sib npaug.

Nws lub peev xwm khaws dej thiab chiv tsis zoo li cov xuab zeb, tab sis nws cov huab cua permeability muaj zog dua li cov xuab zeb. Qee cov gravels muaj cov teeb meem calcareous, thiab cov gravels tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kab lis kev cai tsis muaj av.

(5) Ceramic

Ceramsite yog cov khoom siv shale uas raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm 800 degree thiab muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug, liab lossis liab. Cov qauv sab hauv ntawm ceramsite yog xoob, nrog ntau qhov pores, zoo ib yam li honeycomb, nrog rau qhov ntom ntom ntawm 500 kg / m3, lub teeb zoo nkauj, thiab tuaj yeem ntab rau saum npoo dej hauv dej. Nws yog ib qho kev cog qoob loo zoo tsis muaj av substrate.

Raws li kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, ceramsite muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no.

① Kev tuav dej zoo, tso dej thiab huab cua permeability. Cov pores sab hauv ntawm ceramsite tau ntim nrog huab cua thaum tsis muaj dej. Thaum muaj dej txaus, ib feem ntawm cov dej tau nqus thiab ib feem ntawm qhov chaw roj av tseem khaws cia. Thaum cov dej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus system tsis txaus, cov dej nyob rau hauv lub pores diffuses los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ceramsite mus rau hauv lub pores ntawm lub ceramsite rau lub hauv paus system kom nqus thiab tswj cov huab cua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus system.

Qhov loj ntawm ceramsite aggregates muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov dej nqus thiab huab cua permeability, thiab tseem muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub hauv paus system. Feem ntau, thaum ceramsite nrog cov aggregates loj dua yog siv los ua cov av tsis muaj cultivation substrate, lub pores ntawm cov aggregates loj. Piv nrog rau cov ceramsite nrog me me aggregates, huab cua humidity thiab noo noo cov ntsiab lus yog me me. Los ntawm kev xaiv qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ceramsite, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov dej zoo thiab aeration yam xav tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

② Muaj peev xwm khaws cov chiv muaj peev xwm Ntau cov as-ham tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem ceramsite, tab sis kuj nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hws hauv lub ceramsite rau kev khaws cia ib ntus. Thaum cov as-ham nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ceramsite txo, cov as-ham nyob rau hauv lub pores txav mus rau sab nraud kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov hauv paus system kom nqus cov as-ham xav tau. Ib yam li cov dej tuav kev ua tau zoo ntawm ceramsite, cov chiv khaws cia muaj peev xwm ntawm ceramsite yog nyob rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab piv nrog rau lwm cov substrates.

③Hydrogen ion concentration ntawm chemically ruaj khov ceramsite

Nws yog 1 ~ 12590 nanomole / liter (pH9 ~ 4.9), thiab muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv cationic (60 ~ 210 mmol / kg). Ntau qhov chaw ntawm ceramsite muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev muaj zog (Table 4-1, Table 4-2), tab sis lawv txhua tus haum raws li cov kab lis kev cai tsis muaj av.

④ Muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si Ceramsite tsis tshua muaj cov qe kab thiab kab mob. Nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab thiab tsis tso cov tshuaj phem. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av ntawm cov paj dai kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev xws li tsev thiab tsev noj mov.

⑤ Tsis haum rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog cov hauv paus hniav

Txoj kab uas hla ntawm matrix ceramsite aggregates yog loj dua li cov xuab zeb, perlite, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov nroj tsuag nrog cov hauv paus tuab, cov dej thiab huab cua ib puag ncig ib puag ncig cov hauv paus system yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis rau cov nroj tsuag nrog cov hauv paus hniav zoo li rhododendrons, qhov loj. pores ntawm ceramsites yog ib qho yooj yim rau cov hauv paus hniav loj hlob. Cua qhuav, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los cog hom nroj tsuag no.

(6) Vermiculite

Vermiculite yog hydrated magnesium aluminium silicate, uas yog tsim thaum mica-zoo li inorganic tshuaj raug rhuab mus rau 800-1000 degree . Mica-zoo li inorganic tshuaj muaj cov dej molecules, thiab thaum rhuab, cov dej molecules nthuav mus rau hauv dej vapor, uas bursts lub nyuaj inorganic tshuaj txheej thiab tsim me me, ntxeem tau, spongy nuclei. Lub ntim ntawm vermiculite nthuav dav los ntawm kev kho qhov kub thiab txias yog 18-25 zaug ntawm qhov qub, qhov ntim ntom ntom me me, 80 kg / m3, thiab qhov porosity loj. Vermiculite siv los ua cov av tsis muaj kab lis kev cai substrate muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

① Kev nqus dej muaj zog, muaj peev xwm tuav tau dej thiab chiv Vermiculite tuaj yeem nqus tau 100-650 litres dej ib lub cubic meter, uas yog 1.25-8 zaug ntau dua li nws qhov hnyav. Ntawm cov kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av tau qhia hauv phau ntawv no, vermiculite muaj peev xwm nqus dej ntau tshaj plaws, cation hloov peev xwm ntawm 10 mmol / kg, thiab cov dej muaj zog thiab cov chiv khaws cia.

② Lub porosity yog loj (95 feem pua), thiab lub breathable vermiculite absorbs dej kom txo tau qhov chaw roj, thiab cov vermiculite uas ncav cuag cov dej saturated muaj huab cua permeability tsis zoo. Vim hais tias vermiculite muaj qhov chaw loj thiab muaj peev xwm nqus dej, cov ntsiab lus dej ntawm vermiculite tuaj yeem hloov kho kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws dej-cua piv rau qee cov paj thiab nroj tsuag. Vermiculite yog ib qho zoo av tsis muaj substrate rau feem ntau flowering nroj tsuag.

③ Lub hydrogen ion concentration yog 1-100 nanomole/liter (pH9-7), uas tuaj yeem muab cov poov tshuaj, ib qho me me ntawm calcium, magnesium thiab lwm yam khoom noj. Cov khoom no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm vermiculite.

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm vermiculite yog (Mg2 ntxiv, Fe2 ntxiv, Fe3 ntxiv) 3 [(Si, Al) 4O10] (OH) 2 · 4H2O. Txawm hais tias vermiculite muaj hydroxide ions, yog li ntawd qhov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions tsawg dua 100 nmol / L (ntau dua pH7), vim muaj zog permeability ntawm matrix, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov paj feem ntau tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm cov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions. nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov tov. Tau qhov chaw nyob zoo.

④ Kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si Vermiculite yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Thaum siv vermiculite tshiab, nws yuav tsis ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab yuav tsis kis cov kab mob pathogenic thiab kab kab. Cov vermiculite siv tau tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias, lossis sterilized nrog 1.5 g / L poov tshuaj permanganate lossis formalin (muaj nyob hauv cov khw muag tshuaj reagent) thiab tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua.

Vermiculite nws tus kheej tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab thiab tsis tawm cov pa phem.

⑤ Nws tsis tsim nyog siv vermiculite rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws cov qauv yuav tawg, qhov porosity yuav raug txo, thiab cov kua dej thiab huab cua permeability yuav txo. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav hnyav thaum thauj thiab siv. Feem ntau hais lus, yog tias siv vermiculite 1-2 zaug, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los cog tib hom paj, tab sis cov paj ntoo nrog cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum tau rov cog dua.

(7) perlite

Perlite yog cov ntxhia tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb siliceous volcanic, muaj npe rau nws cov pearl-zoo li tus kheej kheej tawg. Cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm siliceous volcanic pob zeb yog li ntawm 2 mus rau 5 feem pua. Thaum crushed thiab rhuab mus txog 1000 degree, nws nthuav mus rau nthuav perlite rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, thiab nws qhov ntom ntom me me, 80 mus rau 180 kg / m3. Cov ntxhia no muaj cov qauv kaw cellular.

① Cov yam ntxwv ntawm perlite

a. Cov huab cua zoo permeability thiab cov dej nruab nrab Cov porosity ntawm perlite yog li 93 feem pua, ntawm cov huab cua ntim yog li 53 feem pua, thiab cov dej tuav tau 40 feem pua. Thaum watered, feem ntau ntawm cov dej nyob rau saum npoo thiab ntws yooj yim vim yog cov dej me me. Yog li ntawd, perlite yog yooj yim rau ntws thiab yooj yim rau aerate.

Txawm hais tias cov dej nqus ntawm perlite (4 npaug ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav) tsis zoo li vermiculite, thaum muaj dej hauv cov txheej qis (xws li hauv cov paj ntoo los tiv thaiv), perlite tuaj yeem hloov cov dej hauv qab txheej. los ntawm cov dej conduction ntawm cov khoom. Kos rau hauv perlite thoob plaws hauv lub lauj kaub thiab tswj kom zoo permeability. Nws cov ntsiab lus dej tau ua tiav cov kev xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv paus lub neej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv perlite dua li vermiculite thaum cog qee cov paj uas muaj qhov xav tau nruj ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm dej thiab huab cua. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cultivating ib co acid-hlub yav qab teb paj, perlite yuav zoo dua xav txog nws qhov zoo.

b. Lub hydrogen ion concentration ntawm tshuaj ruaj khov perlite yog 31.63-100 nmol/liter (pH7.5-7.0

Qhov kev hloov pauv cation ntawm perlite yog tsawg dua 1.5 mmol / kg, thiab nws yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov as-ham. Feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham hauv perlite tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws cov hydrogen ion concentration yog siab dua li ntawm vermiculite, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas nws thiaj li tsim nyog rau cog cov kua qaub-hlub paj nyob rau sab qab teb.

c. Nws tuaj yeem siv ib leeg los ua ib qho kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, lossis nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog peat, vermiculite, thiab lwm yam. Cov sib xyaw sib xyaw substrates yuav raug qhia hauv tshooj hauv qab no.

② Teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum siv perlite

Ua ntej, tom qab lub perlite yog nchuav rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom loj hlob ntsuab algae nyob rau saum npoo raug lub teeb. Txhawm rau tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov algae ntsuab, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov perlite ntawm qhov chaw, lossis tig nws ntau zaus, lossis zam lub teeb.

Qhov thib ob, perlite plua plav yog khaus heev rau lub caj pas (lub caj pas), yog li yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tsuag nws nrog dej ua ntej siv los tiv thaiv plua plav ya.

Qhov thib peb, qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm perlite yog sib dua li cov dej, thiab nws yuav ntab rau saum dej thaum muaj nag ntau. Yog li ntawd, kev sib cuag ntawm perlite thiab lub hauv paus system tsis txhim khu kev qha, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov hauv paus hniav, thiab cov nroj tsuag yog nquag mus pw. Kev npaj rau kev tswj dej nyab thiab dej nkag yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej.

Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag cov hauv paus hniav yog tsim rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv perlite, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog acid-hlub slender fibrous paus paj,

Nws tsis yooj yim kom loj hlob hauv lwm cov substrates tab sis loj hlob zoo hauv perlite.

(8) pob zeb wool

Pob zeb wool yog cov ntxhia fiber ntau ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm 60 feem pua ​​​​diabase, 20 feem pua ​​​​limestone thiab 20 feem pua ​​coke. mus rau hauv filaments nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.005mm, thiab ces nias nws mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm 80-100kg / m3, thiab ces ntxiv ib tug phenolic resin los txo cov nto nro thaum txias mus txog 200 degree. Ua kom nws ruaj khov dej.

Pob zeb wool yog thawj zaug siv hauv kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av los ntawm Hornum hauv Denmark hauv xyoo 1969. Tsis ntev nws tau nyiam cov neeg nyiam ntawm Netherlands, thiab tam sim no 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov av tsis muaj av cog qoob loo hauv Netherlands siv pob zeb wool ua lub substrate. Hauv ntiaj teb kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, thaj chaw nyob ntawm pob zeb wool yog thawj.

① Cov yam ntxwv ntawm pob zeb wool raws li kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj ntoo

a. Tus nqi qis, siv tau yooj yim, nyab xeeb thiab huv

Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau paj. Tus nqi ntawm cov chaw siv hauv pob zeb wool cultivation kuj tsawg.Lub pob zeb wool tau raug kho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thaum siv pob zeb tshiab. Thaum hloov lub lauj kaub, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab cov pob zeb me me ntawm cov ntaub plaub hauv cov pob zeb loj loj, uas yooj yim heev.

b. Kev siv ntau yam Pob zeb wool substrate tuaj yeem siv rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av ntawm ntau yam zaub thiab paj. nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nutrient zaj duab xis

Pob zeb wool tuaj yeem siv los ua substrate hauv cov thev naus laus zis xws li cov tshuab ua kua dej sib sib zog nqus, cov dej ntws tawm, thiab ntau txheej peb-dimensional cultivation; Txawm hais tias nws yog ib tug tuab hauv paus system los yog ib tug slender hauv paus system, nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv pob zeb wool. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau paj uas tsis tas yuav hloov lub substrate nquag, nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev.

c. Qhov sib piv ntawm dej-cua yog haum rau ntau cov nroj tsuag

Paj rwb muaj qhov hws loj, txog li 96 feem pua, thiab nqus dej muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tuab txaus pob zeb wool txheej, cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm pob zeb wool maj mam nce los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Cov roj maj mam txo qis los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, yog li cov dej-gas piv nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb wool block ua gradient hloov ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Lub hauv paus kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog nyob rau hauv pob zeb wool blocks nyhav nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau haum paus ib puag ncig (uas yog, qhov ratio ntawm dej thiab huab cua yog haum). Saib Table 4-3 rau kev faib ntsug ntawm cov dej noo thiab huab cua hauv cov pob zeb wool block.

② Cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum siv pob zeb wool

Ua ntej, cov hydrogen ion concentration ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab tsis siv cov ntaub plaub yog qhov tsawg. Feem ntau, hydrogen ion concentration yog qis dua 100 nmol / liter (ntau dua pH 7). Yog hais tias ib qho me me ntawm cov kua qaub ntxiv rau cov dej ua ntej siv, cov hydrogen ion concentration yuav nce ntxiv tom qab 1 mus rau 2 hnub.

Qhov thib ob, pob zeb wool tsis yog-decomposable, thiab kev kho mob tom qab siv tseem tsis tau daws. Txoj kev ib txwm siv yog siv cov pob zeb siv los ua cov av txias, thiab qee qhov yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw rau pob zeb wool. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav.

Hauv kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, pob zeb wool tseem tsim nyog ua lub substrate rau lub ru tsev vaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev cog qoob loo perennial ntoo, xws li tsib-kab ntoo thuv, podocarpus, thiab cypress. Hauv kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov drip irrigation system, pob zeb wool tuaj yeem siv tau ntev, tab sis nws tsis tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo sai sai lossis biennial paj paj, vim tias cov pob zeb qub qub tom qab hloov yog qhov nyuaj rau pov tseg.

(9) Silicone roj hmab

Muaj ob hom silica gel siv los ua substrates rau kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av, ib qho yog silica gel G thiab lwm yam yog silica gel B. Silica gel G yog xim hloov xim silica gel, uas yog xiav-ntsuab thaum qhuav thiab hloov xim liab lossis tsis muaj xim. tom qab nqus dej. Nws cov dej nqus dej thiab cov khoom siv adsorption tsis zoo li silica gel B. Silica gel B tau nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm tua hluav taws, thiab muaj cov pores ntau dua hauv cov qauv, thiab nws lub peev xwm nqus dej thiab khaws cov khoom noj khoom haus ntau dua ob npaug ntawm silica gel. G.

Nws cov khoom zoo dua li xuab zeb.

Txij li thaum silica gel yog crystalline particle, spatial faib ntawm cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem pom meej, uas ntxiv rau kev lom zem ntawm kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av.

Tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag nrog cov hauv paus hniav zoo li rhododendrons, uas tsis haum rau silica gel av tsis muaj cultivation, feem ntau ntawm cov thicker, pom cov hauv paus hniav xws li qee qhov dav hlau lossis cov hauv paus paj ntoo yog qhov tsim nyog.

(10) Ion txauv resin

Ion txauv resin tseem hu ua ion av. Nws yog ib hom kev cog qoob loo tsis muaj av tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov as-ham uas xav tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog cationic lossis anionic adsorbents xws li epoxy resin nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions. Cov substrate no zoo ib yam li lwm cov substrates, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis qab, thiab cov ions adsorbed ntawm cov resin raug tso tawm maj mam rau cov nroj tsuag kom nqus, txawm tias cov concentration ntawm ions adsorbed ntawm cov resin siab, nws yuav tsis ua mob rau cov nroj tsuag.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ion txauv resin yog tias nws kim heev thiab yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua thaum nws rov siv dua.